These two samples are called "knotting" or some call it "Armenian Lace". It is done with a needle and thread and very easy to master. It just takes time to create the intricate patterns. There are basic instructions for creating knotted lace at the bottom of the page. ENJOY!

An excellent book to get for detailed instructions is: "Knotted Lace" by Elena Dickson, Milner Craft Series

Instructions for Armenian Knotted Lace